Modals

Exercise on Modal Verbs and their Substitutes

Choose the correct substitute for each modal verb.

1.       We ought to win the race. → We ……….. win the race.

·      We ought to win the race. → We are supposed to win the race.

·      Ought to = supposed to

2.       I can swim. → I ……….. swim.

·      I can swim. → I am able to swim.

·      Can  = be able to

‘Can = be allowed to

3.       You must meet my best friend. → You ………. meet my best friend.

·      You must meet my best friend. → You have to  meet my best friend.

·      Must = have to

4.       Should I go to the cinema with them? → ……… go to the cinema with them?

·                     Should I go to the cinema with them? → Am I supposed to go to the cinema with them?

·      Should = be supposed to

5.       They may stay up late. → They ………. stay up late.

·                     They may stay up late. → They are allowed to stay up late.

·                    May = be allowed to

6.       She needs to see the doctor. → She ………. see the doctor.

·                     She needs to see the doctor. → She has to see the doctor.

·                     Needs = have / has to

Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb can't be used with a certain tense, use its substitute.

7.       (may / you) ………. go to the disco yesterday?

·         Were you allowed to go to the disco yesterday?

·         The modal verb ‘may’ cannot be use in past tense, we have to use the auxiliary

8.       He (ought to) ……….  give evidence at the court yesterday

·                     He was supposed to give evidence at the court yesterday

·      The modal verb ‘ought’ cannot be used in past tense, we have to use the auxiliary. Ought to = be supposed to / be expected to  / be to

9.       Since he bought the new car he (not / can) ………. sleep.

·      Since he bought the new car he has not been able to sleep.

·      The modal verb ‘can’ cannot be used as a participle, we have to use the auxiliary. Can=be able

10.    He (not / must) ………. sleep now.

·      He must not sleep now

·      The modal verb can be used in present tense.

Bahasa Inggris Present Perfect & Simple Past Tense

Exercise on Present Perfect Simple

Complete the sentences in Present Perfect Simple.

1.       We are happy to inform you that we (establish) a new branch in Australia.

·      We are happy to inform you that we have established a new branch in Australia.

·      Subject + have/has + participle regular verb – just add ‘ed’ . Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

2.       Bob Westley (sign / already) the contract.

·      Bob Westley  has already signed the contract.

·      Subject + have/has + participle regular verb – just add ‘ed’. Use ‘has’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

3.       We (acquire) a new customer.

·      We have acquired a new customer.

·      Subject + have/has + participle regular verb ending  in ‘e’ – only add ‘d’. Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

4.       Alice Wilson (agree) to organise the teams.

·      Alice Wilson has agreed to organise the teams.

·      Subject + have/has + participle regular verb ending  in ‘e’ – only add ‘d’. Use ‘has’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

5.       I (print out / just) the letter.

·      I have just printed out the letter.

·      Subject + have/has + adverb +  participle regular verb – just add ‘ed’ . Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

6.       Our customers (be / always) satisfied with our services.

·      Our customers have always been satisfied with our services.

·      Subject + have/has + adverb +  participle irregular verb : see 3^rd column of irregular verbs. Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

7.       Unfortunately, you (react / not) to our reminder notice.

·      Unfortunately, you have not reacted to our reminder notice.

·      Subject + have/has + not+  participle regular verb – just add ‘ed’ . Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns

8.       Hannah (send / not) out the quotation yet.

·      Hannah has not sent out the quotation yet.

·      Subject + have/has + not +  participle irregular verb : see 3^rd column of irregular verbs. Use ‘has’ for he, she it and for a singular person or noun.

9.       (receive / you) our order?

·      Have you received our order?

·      Question : have/has + subject + participle regular verb ending in ‘e’ – only add ‘d’. Use ‘have’ for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns .Question: have/has + subject + participle
regular verb ending in 'e' - only add 'd'
Use 'have' for I, we, you, they and for plural nouns.

10.    Which company (submit) the most favourable offer?

·      Which company has submitted the most favourable offer?

·      Subject question : which company replaces the subject, keep the rest as in a positive sentences regular verb ending in a consonant (t) after a short, stressed vowel (i) : double the consonant (t) then add ‘ed’. Use ‘has’ for he, she it and for a singular person or noun.

Exercise on Simple Past

Exercise on positive sentences

1. I / hungry / be .......

·       I was hungry

·       Irregular verb : be – was/were use was after I/He/She/It

Exercise on negative sentences

2. The teacher tested our English

·      The teacher did not test our English

·      Put did not before the infinite form of the main verb

3. You were thirsty

·      You were not thirsty

·      If the verb is a form of be, we simply place not behind the verb

Exercise on questions

4. She / happy / be

·      Was she happy?

·      If the verb is a form of be, we do not use an auxiliary, but place the form of be before the subject

5. She / on a chair / sit

·      Did she sit on a chair?

·      Auxiliary verb – did- subject-infinite of the main verb-rest

6. I (travel) ………. around by car with two friend and we (visit) …….. lots of interesting places.

·      I travelled around by car with two friend and we visited lots of interesting places.

·      Past forms of travel (travelled ) British English.

7. One night we even (learn) ……. Some Irish dances.

·         One night we even learned Some Irish dances

·         Past forms of learn (learned) American English.

8. Where (spend / you ) ……….. your last holiday?

·         Where did you spend your last holiday?

·         For negative sentences, we use the past form of the auxiliary ‘do’ did. The main verb ‘spend’ remains in its infinite form.

9. We (be) …………. very lucky with the weather.

·         We were very lucky with the weather.

·         Irregular verb : be – were (plural) - been

10. It (not/rain) ………… a lot.

·         It did not rain a lot

·         For negative sentences, we use the past form of the auxiliary ‘do’ did. The main verb ‘rain’ remains in its infinite form.